Matthew Baillie (1761–1823) was a renowned pathological anatomist, whose research into morbid anatomy revealed a new field of study that become recognised as an independent science. His groundbreaking study 'Morbid Anatomy of the Human Body' (1793) explored the symptoms of disease, and he gave the first clinical descriptions of gastric ulcer and chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema. He also presented one of the clearest descriptions ever written on the pulmonary lesions of tuberculosis. In 1790 Baillie became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, and in 1810 was appointed physician-extraordinary to George III. Baillie was the nephew of the physician William Hunter, who established a famous anatomy school at Great Windmill Street, London.