Completed Continental European after 1800, Continental European before 1800 38 comments Who painted this image of the goddess Flora?
Photo credit: Derby Museums
This is the goddess, Flora. The composition dates from the first half of the seventeenth century, and it may well be an original, not a copy. If it is from the nineteenth century it is a good copy. It looks like a Florentine painting by an identifiable artist, but which?
For a Flora with an elaborate floral arrangement on her head see, for instance, Rembrandt's 1634 painting in the Hermitage and Claude Vignon's 1650 painting in the Residenz Galerie, Salzburg.
There is currently no information in the collection’s records pertaining to the artist responsible for this picture. Further thoughts would be appreciated.
Completed, Outcome
This discussion is now closed. 'Flora' has been attributed to Pietro Dandini (1646–1712), as suggested by Federico Berti.
Thank you to everyone who contributed to the discussion. To anyone viewing this discussion for the first time, please see below for all the comments that led to this conclusion.
37 comments
I have a note from a while back that it resembles works by Dandini, The facial type certainly seems to be like his,
Carlo Dolci comes to mind.
For Cesare Dandini [1596-1657] , a Florentine, who seems a good candidate, see Sandro Bellesi's two books of 1996 and 2007 . A series of paintings of allegories , especially an Allegory of Intelligence are comparable in style.
Auckland Art Gallery's exhibition 'The Corsini collection. A window on Renaissance Florence' apparently included a painting by Dandini of Flora. Unfortunately no copy of the paperback catalogue seems to have reached a major British library - but may be Alastair Laing has seen it? Or perhaps an image can be found in the Witt Library in the Courtauld Institute of Art?
Joseph Strutt of Derby [1765- 1844], the first Mayor of that town, was known for his collection of Old Masters and helped to build The Athenaeum, a building to house an art gallery and museum.
This is not the Dandini Flora from the Corsini collection, which is here:
https://assets.aucklandartgallery.com/assets/media/cesare-dandini-flora.jpg
To my eye, the Derby Flora seems to be by a better painter than Dandini. The handling of the flowers, for instance, is clearly more expert, and the face is less doll-like. It lacks the very high finish of Carlo Dolci, but Dolci was a pretty good flower painter:
https://www.apollo-magazine.com/content/uploads/2015/06/Fig.-4.jpg
Of course, this is not the right sort of subject for Dolci, being neither a religious picture nor a portrait (though it could be a portrait of an actual lady as Flora, as is the case with the Dandini Flora).
Here's a different Flora attributed to Dandini:
http://www.artnet.com/artists/cesare-dandini/flora-crowned-with-flowers-and-holding-a-rose-E7dNhZ_jReXZYEODLPtkXg2
Having reviewed these suggestions, I think Cesare Dandini is probably the most likely attribution. His work does not show the same highly crafted technique as Carlo Dolci and subject is typical of his work.
The consideration of either Dandini or Dolci is based on the premise that this is a 17th century Florentine painting, which it may be, but how certain is that? Does the museum have any information as to provenance or history?
The Bellesi publications do not seem to include every painting by Dandini - but he certainly had a penchant for wreaths of flowers on women's heads. The Allegory of Intelligence most comparable does not seem to have been known to Bellesi -it is on a Russian site otoram90.com as well as http://www.the-athenaeum.org
The type certainly fits Dandini (whose work seems to be uneven in quality), but I feel this picture is by a somewhat better or more accomplished painter. Here's another Dandini "Flora" type:
http://www.thais.it/citta_italiane/firenze/index/museo_stibbert/hi_res/00014.jpg
The collection has been contacted about the suggested attribution to Cesare Dandini (1596–1657).
It is a work by Pier Dandini (Florence, 1646-1712) as the one I am attaching. Best regards,
Federico Berti
https://independent.academia.edu/FedericoBerti
Yes, Pietro (or Pier) Dandini seems a better fit than his uncle Cesare. Here's a Cleopatra by P. Dandini for comparison:
http://imgc.artprintimages.com/images/art-print/pietro-dandini-cleopatra_i-G-74-7475-QC4Q100Z.jpg
Benezit describes Pietro Dandini as "the most talented and the most travelled of the Dandini family."
Onorio Marinari, obviously.
MD
Well, Marinari was a pupil (and cousin) of Carlo Dolci, which would explain the Dolci air in this painting.
Here's Marinari's St. Catherine from the Wallace Collection:
https://www.artuk.org/discover/artworks/saint-catherine-of-alexandria-209599/view_as/grid/search/makers:onorio-marinari-16271715/page/1
The Wallace painting is a masterpiece, but higly above Marinari's average.
We'd better compare this "Flora" with other canvas, just like the Budapest one:
https://www.wga.hu/html_m/m/marinari/salome.html
The face of the woman is so typical.
Regards
MD
Quite Strozzi like.
Yes, Strozzi could fit. For one thing, he was skilled at still lifes, which would go with the fine handling of the flowers in this picture, as here:
http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2017/master-paintings-n09601/lot.40.html
Also, the handling of the woman's eyes in the Derby piece strikes me as very similar to Christ's eye in this "Supper at Emmaus":
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0895/0864/products/xir898846_1024x1024.jpg?v=1511877646
Compare the mouth in our picture to that in this known Strozzi:
https://www.cambiaste.com/it/asta-0145/bernardo-strozzi-15811644-ambito-di-5.asp
Compare the eyes, especially the eyelids, with those in this Strozzi:
https://www.wikiart.org/en/bernardo-strozzi/berenice-1640
I see close similarities, and again, the matter of the flowers is another element in Strozzi's favor.
I regret that I don't know how to make side-by-side composites of two images, but perhaps someone who knows can do that to better illustrate the comparisons I've suggested above.
Here you go, Jacinto. I've used what is perhaps a slightly better image of the El Paso 'Berenice' from their website ( https://bit.ly/2P1esWC ). It's a pretty small size, though, so although I've jigged things around technically to fit them all together, she loses definition much more quickly than the other two if you zoom in.
Also attached is a comparison of face details between the other two (which are higher-res), and the similarity is remarkable. However I must point out that the Italian auction work is catalogued only as "ambito di" Bernardo Strozzi, i.e. 'circle of...'.
Thank you, Osmund. The "circle of Bernardo Strozzi" picture is based on (or a study for) his St. Cecilia, here:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Bernardo_Strozzi_-_St_Cecilia_-_WGA21904.jpg
The similarity remains remarkable.
One would of course like for this to be a Strozzi, but I suppose the Florentine Cesare Dandini is still a possibility, given his marked propensity for "Flora" types. However, Dandini's faces tend to be more "mannered" or less "wholesome," so to speak.
Here's the face detail composite with that of the full-sized St Cecilia (Nelson-Atkins Museum, Kansas City) added at the right (though a bit blurry).
Funnily enough the 'circle of...' St Cecilia study(?) has now resurfaced at a very reputable New York dealer as by Strozzi himself, with no qualification: https://bit.ly/2w7XX3Z . For a moment I thought they'd cut it down, but in fact it's the same size - they've just cropped the web image to make it more appealing.
Apart from the disagreement as to artist, there is an interesting tangent perhaps worth mentioning here. The 'circle of...' painting, estimate at €3 - 3.5K, was unsold at the Genoa auction house Cambi in Oct 2012. The following year it was offered again with the same estimate, and in presumably a post-sale deal went for just €2.2K. Historically the nightmare process of trying to export *any* work of art from Italy would have precluded an American dealer from biting at even that price - unless they were very sure indeed it was a high-value 'sleeper'. Well, perhaps they were...but in fact things have finally (late 2017) changed in Italy for old master works valued at less than €13.5K, which no longer require an export licence. I wonder if canny overseas dealers didn't get wind of this coming a few years back, and bought and stored some lower-value works in anticipation - Bendor picked up on the possibility in 2015 (but still decided not to risk it!): https://bit.ly/2LlYpjN
I assume that a signature has been looked for and not found and that nothing is known of provenance except the name of the man who bequeathed the picture in 1909. Why is it listed as 19th century when that is not established?
Could it be Carlo Cignani? I see enormous similarities between Flora and Jesus enfant de Cignani.
Cignani is an interesting and plausible possibility. He painted several "Floras" or women personifying Spring, obviously involving flowers:
https://www.google.com/search?q=carlo+cignani+flora&client=firefox-b-1&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn-OOPk9LdAhUh8YMKHf7oBYcQsAR6BAgAEAE&biw=1024&bih=707#imgrc=_
I'm not a scholar, just an enthusiast (God saves us from them!). But it seems to me that Pier Dandini is an extremely convincing option. Both paintings by him posted above, by Federico Berti and Jacinto Regalado, show characteristics which I also see in this painting. In particular I very similar (I would say peculiar) lines in nose, eyebrows, eyebrows arch, eyelids and mouth.
Since it was not done yet, I attach here a composition with the picture posted by Berti.
(NOTE!: that picture was taken slightly sideways. Also the light was not good and it looked greyish, so I simply increased the contrast a bit.)
The previous Group Leader Tim Llewellyn first suggested that it could be by Cesare Dandini (1596-1657), who favoured producing half-length allegorical figures crowned with floral wreaths, and this suggestion was posted to Derby Museums by Art UK's Edward Stone on 6/11/2017. Subsequently the Florentine academic Federico Berti suggested it was by Cesare's skilled nephew Pietro/Pier Dandini (1646-1712). The facial features, especially around the eyes, and the pink skin carnations of comparative figure paintings such as the painting posted by Berti do seem similar to Derby's 'Flora'. As the collection has no documentation supporting the dating to 19th-century it is suggested that instead it could be by the Florentine Baroque painter Pier Dandini and the discussion should be concluded.
Xanthe, thank you for recommending an attribution to Pier Dandini (1646-1712), as suggested by Federico Berti. I have contacted the collection.
I'd like to thank Lucy Bamford for her comments via email:
'I read the thread again with interest and find the arguments for both Pietro Dandini and Strozzi compelling. As the painting came to us from the Strutt family, I have been back to the photographs I have of the two catalogues of Joseph Strutt’s collection, dated 1827 and 1835 respectively (Derby Local Studies Library collection). Within the list of paintings in both catalogues, I have been unable to find any descriptions that would seem to resemble this picture, with the exception of a painting described simply as ‘Flora, Cupid, and Flowers’. No artist is given and the description is hardly an exact match, unless there is a possibility that our painting was cut down at some point.
I did note a number of paintings described as ‘allegorical subjects’. For instance, two by Van Thielen under this title. There is also a ‘female portrait’ by F. Bol. None of these feel very satisfactory however, and there is the possibility that ‘Flora’ (the picture in question) was acquired after 1835, perhaps by another member of the family, and therefore absent from the catalogues.
It should be noted too that the painting was acquired by us prior to our use of stock books, hence the lack of documentation. When it was retrospectively added to the handwritten accessions register in 1914, it was described as ‘Portrait of a Lady with a Floral Wreath’, artist unknown.
I think, on balance, I am happy for you to add the attribution to Pietro Dandini to Art UK, and shall add this to our own records too.
Very many thanks to you and your team, and everyone involved in trying to find an answer to this mystery! If I do come across anything further in my rambles through local archives, I will let you know.'